What happens at a violation of probation hearing?

It's structurally different from a criminal trial in several ways that matter.

No jury. The judge decides both whether a violation occurred and what happens next.

Lower standard. The State must prove the violation by a preponderance of the evidence — more likely than not — rather than beyond a reasonable doubt.

Hearsay is admissible, which is a significant departure. But it generally cannot be the sole basis for revocation; there must be some non-hearsay evidence supporting the finding. That limitation is a real defense tool, particularly where the State relies on reports rather than witnesses.

The probation officer usually testifies, and the officer's records — chronological notes, test results, contact logs — become the evidence.

The two questions. First, did a violation occur. Second, was it willful and substantial — because not every technical failure supports revocation.

If a violation is found, the court can revoke and sentence up to the maximum on the original offense, modify supervision, or continue it.